types of cement and their uses pdf. It is widely used for all purposes
types of cement and their uses pdf Accepted Version (PDF 700kB) 70159_Authors_Final_Version. High-Density Concrete. This report attempts to … Typically, Class F fly as used at a dosage of 15 to 25 percent by mass of cementitious material, while Class C fly ash is used at a dosage of 15 to 40 percent. e. The role of the template. These types of admixtures used in concrete to dissipate air or other gases. Low heat cement, 5. § It can execute a prerecorded list of instructions (a . PRODUCT USE QUIKRETE Concrete Mix is designed for pouring concrete 2 in (50 mm) thick or more and building or repairing anything out of concrete, including: . Choose the mixer size most appropriate for the size of the job to be done. Contents move to sidebarhide (Top) 1Development 2Asphalt 3Concrete 4Composite pavement 5Recycling Toggle Recycling subsection 5. Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) Ordinary Portland Cement also known as OPC is a type of cement that is manufactured and used worldwide. Some of the air detraining admixtures are tributylphosphate, dibutyl phosphate, water-insoluble alcohol, and silicones. Founder? CMO? Brand Manager? Creative Director? I solve brand ToV and messaging problems for all sorts. ASTM International maintains national standards for mortars and materials commonly used in mortars, as follows: Portland cement (ASTM C150, ref. It is the most commonly produced and … Theory. Other materials known as admixtures are . Usually, cement, water, and fine sand are used to make it. You must be logged in to post a comment. These cements are … The cement slurry is formed by mixing water with Portland cement or with a mixture of cement containingf various additives. They also serve as security barriers, and are often lined up on roads to control the flow of foot traffic at any given event. Theory. Cement is used as a binding material in mortar, concrete, etc. Voice of Customer research, stakeholder workshops, … Tin: Malleable, used in tin cans, tinplate, and as a component in alloys such as bronze and pewter. It is widely accepted that schools and other settings catering to youth can play an essential role in offering education in life skills and character. M-40 grade is used for Pre-stressed concrete work, slabs, beams, columns, footing etc. Also known as imprinted or textured concrete, stamped concrete is designed to realistically replicate the look and pattern of natural stones, tiles, brick and granites. Concrete Paving Block Concrete blocks are mass manufactured to standard sizes. Hence, they can be easily interchanged. Some common and main types of concrete are: Normal concrete High Strength Concrete High Performance Concrete Air Entrained Concrete Light Weight Concrete Self Compacting Concrete Shotcrete Pervious Concrete Roller Compa cted Concrete Explanation of different types of concrete are as below: Normal Concrete Bricks are to be categorized into many types which depend on their M aking processes, Quality, the raw material is going to use and also their using purpose But mainly we can categorize the brick into six … Theory. Bricks are typically 215mm (L) x 102. Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC)- OPC, or ordinary Portland cement, is a type of cement that is manufactured and used all over … Aggressive environmental condi-tions, such as Chloride and CO2 contamination in the atmosphere make reinforced con-crete bridge structures corrode over time reducing their maximum designed service . It sets out the evidence based literature . Reinforced Concrete. by a thin mud slurry. Excessive and uncontrolled cracking of the structural element may cause both corrosion and weakening of the adhesion of the … Tin: Malleable, used in tin cans, tinplate, and as a component in alloys such as bronze and pewter. These anchors are often used with threaded rods to hang . Stamped Concrete. Cracks and cavities belong to two basic forms of damage to the concrete structure, which may reduce the load-bearing capacity and tightness of the structure and lead to failures and catastrophes in construction structures. MORTAR MATERIALS. Precast Concrete. The drop-in anchor is a “female” anchor which is dropped into a pre-drilled hole. Finally, a rod or threaded bolt is placed in the anchor. Tape measures are used to measure where your walls begin and end or how large an opening is meant to be. Portland Pozzolana cement (PPC), 3. Mortar is cement mixed with sand or … Types of pozzolana materials : 1. Taylor Woodrow is part of the global VINCI Construction group . An overview of the most commonly used methods for detecting and analyzing the shape of … Topic---Concrete Grades & Their Mix Ratio As Per Is Code 456:2000//Types Of Concrete Grades//M5,M7. However, there exists a broad array of potential targets for such programs, suggesting the need for guidance on which targets are most likely to result in demonstrable and valuable results. View at publisher Description Increasing the importance and use of infrastructures such as bridges, demands more effective structural health monitoring (SHM) systems. Ordinary Portland cement (OPC), 2. , “neat,” as grouting materials), but the normal use is in mortar and concrete in which the cement is mixed with inert material known as aggregate. Plain or Ordinary Concrete. It highlights the fact that these are the most suitable tools (much more than the Eurocodes, for example) to predict the cracking process of FRC constructions at their service limit state and, … It is available as 50 kgs sack bags in the current Indian market. It highlights the fact that these are the most suitable tools (much more than the Eurocodes, for example) to predict the cracking process of FRC constructions at their service limit state and, … PRODUCT USE QUIKRETE Concrete Mix is designed for pouring concrete 2 in (50 mm) thick or more and building or repairing anything out of concrete, including: . Mortar can be used … The cement slurry is formed by mixing water with Portland cement or with a mixture of cement containingf various additives. Several methodologies and experimental tests were used to study the positive and negative effects of utilising … It is widely accepted that schools and other settings catering to youth can play an essential role in offering education in life skills and character. Bridget Pratt and Jantina de Vries1 have made an insightful contribution to enhancing epistemic justice in global health ethics. Excessive and uncontrolled cracking of the structural element may cause both corrosion and weakening of the adhesion of the … Soil modification is a technique for improving poor soil properties to make them suitable for engineering projects. 5,M10,M15,M20,M25#concrete … There are two types of paver blocks: 1. Lightweight concrete: Lightweight concrete is a type of concrete that is less packed and heavier than other types of concrete. However, not all concrete driveways are created equal, and the cost and return on investment (ROI) can vary … Standard Grade Concrete. Gas-forming admixtures:-. Physico-chemical conditions in borehole have a major effect on the properties of the grouts (bonding, … Cracks and cavities belong to two basic forms of damage to the concrete structure, which may reduce the load-bearing capacity and tightness of the structure and lead to failures and catastrophes in construction structures. Viscose: Protein Base: Synthetic Polymer Base: Inorganic Fabric: Style of the Garment: Use of garment: Maintenance of Garment: It is important to know the types of fabrics and their uses with their properties for better material selection. 4d) is a hydraulic cement (sets and hardens … (This document makes use of some definitions from Mecklermedia) 1 Computers types I, Computer: Definition A computer is a machine that can be programmed to manipulate symbols. Drop-In Anchors. For the purpose of experimentation M30, M40 grade concrete is designed for 25,50,75,100% replacement of natural sand by quarry dust and waste plastic in 2,4,6,8 % variation. It highlights the fact that these are the most suitable tools (much more than the Eurocodes, for example) to predict the cracking process of FRC constructions at their service limit state and, … Tin: Malleable, used in tin cans, tinplate, and as a component in alloys such as bronze and pewter. The presence of lime in a sufficient quantity is … Check properties of OPC Cement, PPC Cement, PSC Cement. 1In-place recycling methods 6Bituminous surface Toggle Bituminous surface … Topic---Concrete Grades & Their Mix Ratio As Per Is Code 456:2000//Types Of Concrete Grades//M5,M7. Followings are the 19 types of cement: Ordinary Portland cement Portland pozzolana cement Rapid hardening Portland cement Extra rapid hardening cement … Aggressive environmental condi-tions, such as Chloride and CO2 contamination in the atmosphere make reinforced con-crete bridge structures corrode over time reducing their maximum designed service . Five types of portland cement are standardized in the United States by the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM): ordinary (Type I), modified (Type II), high … According to ‘Frederick S. Asphalt removal and stone extraction are two projects where you’d often see a rock bucket. A truck or lorry is a type of automobile designed to carry heavy loads, carry specialized payloads, or do other practical tasks. 5,M10,M15,M20,M25#concrete #gradesofconcrete#mixratio #wat. An overview of the most commonly used methods for detecting and analyzing the shape of microcracks and diagnosing the trajectory of their propagation is also presented. These cements are primarily used in concrete for shrinkage control. The following example selects all elements with a class attribute value that I don't know if my step-son hates me, is scared of me, or likes me? Some types of concrete used to make garden sculptures and planters have been called composition stone or composite stone. Best 3 Hamilton Beach Portable Blen. Portland BlastPortland Blast--Furnace Slag Cement: Furnace Slag Cement: Cement is a binding material used to bind different type of construction materials together. Its principal characteristics are: § It responds to a specific set of instructions in a well-defined manner. By twisting this internal mix ratio and by altering the … 5. Concrete driveways are durable, long-lasting, and require minimal maintenance, making them a popular option for homeowners. Merritt’, (Author of Building Design and Construction Handbook), mortars are composed of a cementitious material, fine aggregate, sand, and specific amount of water. The standard types of portland cementare: Type I – for general purpose Type IA – same as Type I, but when air entrainment is desired Type II – for moderate sulfate resistance Type IIA – same as … Some types of concrete used to make garden sculptures and planters have been called composition stone or composite stone. Commercial trucks can be very large and powerful. A typical concrete block has two surfaces - one is smooth, and the other is a rough surface. Manufacture of Portland pozzolana cement The … Abstract. Tape Measure. Clay, concrete, or calcium-silicate. (PDF) Overview of different type of fly ash and their use as a building and construction material Home Construction Cement Building Materials Portland Cement Construction Engineering. Most of these repairs (conventional repair) can last just 10 to 15 years. which have proven to be surprisingly durable, held together. 2. Ordinary Portland cement (OPC) Ordinary Portland cement is the most widely used type of cement manufactured and used … 12. The first walls were constructed using mud bricks, some of. It highlights the fact that these are the most suitable tools (much more than the Eurocodes, for example) to predict the cracking process of FRC constructions at their service limit state and, … prescribes a standard concrete mix ratio that he thinks will produce the required concrete. The usual method of rectifying this disadvantage is to incorporate some kind of reinforcement, which enables concrete slabs to be used for a broad range of spans and … The mix proportions ratio of concrete details the proportion of cement, sand and water it needs to make that particular strength of concrete. Excessive and uncontrolled cracking of the structural element may cause both corrosion and weakening of the adhesion of the … © 2023 Open Learning Global Pty Ltd. This type of cement is not a high strength cement. TYPES OF WALL BASED ON. pdf. 3. Tin: Malleable, used in tin cans, tinplate, and as a component in alloys such as bronze and pewter. Types of Admixtures Concrete admixtures are classified as follows, Water-reducing admixture Retarding admixture Accelerating admixture Air entraining admixture … Specifically created for use with tiles, tile grout is a form of grout. 1. Our list highlighted the basic tools you need to … A brief account of different types of concrete is given below. If you’re living with a lung condition, you may be offered home oxygen therapy if your blood oxygen levels are persistently low. There is no single precise formula that differentiates composition stone from other lime-cemented concretes, which is unsurprising because the term predates modern chemical science, being attested since at latest the 1790s. Chat 1. Stamped … Cracking of concrete and degradation are the major problems in today’s concrete structures in the UK. These are used to remove a part of entrained air from the concrete mixture. The usual method of rectifying this disadvantage is to incorporate some kind of reinforcement, which enables concrete slabs to be used for a broad range of spans and … Extra-rapid-hardening cement may set and become durable even faster than OPC and rapid-hardening cement. 7. com. … It focuses on the causes of crack initiation and characterizes their basic types. Lightweight Concrete. Concrete has numerous applications in building construction, but its use for horizontal slabs is limited by its relatively high density which reduces the maximum span. The mix proportions ratio of concrete details the proportion of cement, sand and water it needs to make that particular strength of concrete. Cements may be used alone (i. <br><br>How? Great brand writing balances art with science. After the concrete is laid in the formwork and leveled, the … Types of cement Type IIA Type IIA MPC MPC,, airair--entraining entraining Type IIIType III RHPC RHPC,, Rapid Hardening PC,Rapid Hardening PC, . Check out types of cement and their uses in the construction industry. The usual method of rectifying this disadvantage is to incorporate some kind of reinforcement, which enables concrete slabs to be used for a broad range of spans and … Types of Silo Design and Their Uses. There is no single precise formula that differentiates composition stone from other lime … Cracks and cavities belong to two basic forms of damage to the concrete structure, which may reduce the load-bearing capacity and tightness of the structure and lead to failures and catastrophes in construction structures. Natural pozzolana Burnt clay, pumicite, diatomaceous Earth. This book provides a medical based model for dealing with dental caries as opposed to the hi tech amputation techniques currently in Vogue. It is widely used for all purposes including: Concrete : When OPC is mixed with aggregates and water, it makes concrete, which is widely used in the construction of … There are 16 types of hydraulic cement that have been discussed in this article below. Regarding the previous studies, various types of stabilisations were used to improve mechanical properties in soil. Also, such a type of Cement is generally used in prefabricated construction, cold weather concreting, emergency repair work, or pavement of roads where the strength needs to be achieved quickly. Rapid hardening cement, 3. The usual method of rectifying this disadvantage is to incorporate some kind of reinforcement, which enables concrete slabs to be used for a broad range of spans and … A large percentage of the asphaltic paving projects performed in Wisconsin are asphaltic overlays of existing concrete or asphaltic pavements. This mix applies to all grades of concrete. For example M20 grade … Topic---Concrete Grades & Their Mix Ratio As Per Is Code 456:2000//Types Of Concrete Grades//M5,M7. Most trucks feature body-on-frame … The maximum percentage of slag use in this type of cement is limited by British standard B. 5” is fine aggregate and “3” is coarse aggregate. The types of cracks occurring in concrete composites can be divided according to eight specific . Physico-chemical conditions in borehole have a major effect on the properties of the grouts (bonding, … Asphalt removal and stone extraction are two projects where you’d often see a rock bucket. Summary of the Types of Cement. Due to varying performance of overlay, a standard set of guidelines is needed to determine the amount of surface preparation which provides a consistency along with more accurate and stable project … A truck or lorry is a type of automobile designed to carry heavy loads, carry specialized payloads, or do other practical tasks. 07, 2017 • 53 likes • 15,198 views Download Now Download to read offline Engineering Cement siriyala revanth Follow Advertisement Advertisement Recommended Cement … Cements are broadly classified into two categories – Hydraulic and Non-Hydraulic, depending on how they react to the presence of water. Hydraulic Cement: This cement gets hardened in a very short span and are widely used in … We have involved with many RCC elements like Foundations, Columns, Walls, Slabs, Beams, Elevator pits, Staircases, Girders, Deck Slabs, Approach Slabs, Abutments, Wing Walls, Tilt Up Panels, WWF. Physico-chemical conditions in borehole have a major effect on the properties of the grouts (bonding, … You can download concrete pdf file at the end of this article Plain or Ordinary Concrete It is also known as pcc or plain cement concrete. Some types of concrete used to make garden sculptures and planters have been called composition stone or composite stone. Troweled Finish Trowel finish is the most common and popular finish of concrete used for major types of applications. . Different types of cement and their applications 1. Here only … Topic---Concrete Grades & Their Mix Ratio As Per Is Code 456:2000//Types Of Concrete Grades//M5,M7. 13. Rapid Hardening Cement: In sites that demand faster construction in a lesser time window, … Asphalt removal and stone extraction are two projects where you’d often see a rock bucket. The main features of these cement ingredients along with their functions and usefulness or harmfulness are given below: Lime: Lime is calcium oxide or calcium hydroxide. Most trucks feature body-on-frame construction with a cabin independent of the payload portion and vary greatly in terms of size, power, and configuration. The most commonly used ones are outlined below: Bunker Silos. Mortar is … Cracks and cavities belong to two basic forms of damage to the concrete structure, which may reduce the load-bearing capacity and tightness of the structure and lead to failures and catastrophes in construction structures. Prestressed … We have involved with many RCC elements like Foundations, Columns, Walls, Slabs, Beams, Elevator pits, Staircases, Girders, Deck Slabs, Approach Slabs, Abutments, Wing Walls, Tilt Up Panels, WWF. These are trenches that usually have concrete walls, which are then covered with a plastic tarp to make them airtight. There is no single precise formula that differentiates composition stone from other lime … It focuses on the causes of crack initiation and characterizes their basic types. Add a Comment. Once the anchor is inserted, a setting tool is struck with a hammer until the top of the anchor is flush with the tool’s end. He may also indicate the type and size of aggregate to be used. Best for: Penetrating and breaking up solid surfaces like asphalt, stone and large sheets of rock. 3 Designed Mixes In these mixes the performance of the concrete is specified by Theory. (1) Definition of formwork: Formwork is a model plate that makes concrete structures and components form according to the required geometric dimensions and spatial . We’ve put this information together to explain what home oxygen therapy is, why it’s used as a treatment and who can benefit from using it. I don't sit in front of a blank page waiting for the muse. Soft-bristled brushes are used to remove any excess mortar. The difference between structural lightweight and … Ordinary Portland cement is the most widely used type of cement, which is suitable for all general concrete construction. Fresh and hardened concrete properties … Concrete is a man-made material produced from a mixture of fine and coarse aggregates, cement, and water used for construction purposes [1], [2] and [3]. SHM has well addressed the damage detection issues through several methods such as modal strain … Abstract. … Alex was part of a team that was challenged to research how we could reduce the carbon footprint of concrete - a huge piece in the industry’s net zero puzzle. The fly ash can be used as an additive or in part replacement … A truck or lorry is a type of automobile designed to carry heavy loads, carry specialized payloads, or do other practical tasks. Related Post. Normal strength concrete. Concrete contributes towards approximately 8% of global CO2 emissions due to the carbon intensive production of cement. We have involved with many RCC elements like Foundations, Columns, Walls, Slabs, Beams, Elevator pits, Staircases, Girders, Deck Slabs, Approach Slabs, Abutments, Wing Walls, Tilt Up Panels, WWF. Ordinary Portland Cement. I think hard and type fast, delivering words that connect with customers. We reveal different types of … Home oxygen therapy. Construction professionals achieve this by adding calcium chloride to rapid-hardening cement. Their elaboration details intellectual (external) exclusion—described as non-representation—across three levels, and at its core, proposes inclusion to rectify this. This guide provides a basic understanding of the different types of cement, including their ASTM classifications and the most commonly used varieties. Types of Portland Cement • Ordinary Portland cement - Type I • Modified cement - Type II Abstract. It highlights the fact that these are the most suitable tools (much more than the Eurocodes, for example) to predict the cracking process of FRC constructions at their service limit state and, … 1. We first discuss cement production and special nomenclature used by cement industrialists in expressing the composition of their cement products. 4. About Author. 1. Different industries call for various specifications of silos, and this is where different types of silos come in. Rapid … Concrete blocks have a wide range of uses. 5,M10,M15,M20,M25#concrete … Asphalt removal and stone extraction are two projects where you’d often see a rock bucket. This paper focuses on the use of numerical tools, as a finite elements method, to conceive fiber reinforced concrete (FRC) eco-constructions. Excessive and uncontrolled cracking of the structural element may cause both corrosion and weakening of the adhesion of the … Asphalt removal and stone extraction are two projects where you’d often see a rock bucket. Physico-chemical conditions in borehole have a major effect on the properties of the grouts (bonding, … Types of Concrete Finishes 1. Artificial pozzolana Fly ash, silica fume, rice husk, blast furnace slag. Physico-chemical conditions in borehole have a major effect on the properties of the grouts (bonding, … Types of Silo Design and Their Uses. Tile grout comes in two major varieties: sanded and unsanded. Cement (also called Portland cement) is a fine binding powder that is never used alone but is a component of both concrete and mortar, as well as stucco, tile grout, and thin-set adhesive. S. It is used in areas where the temperature is very low and where de-icing chemicals are applied. Obviously, in every compliance program, the ethical tone of a company and accountability all starts at the top and most specifically senior management. Types of cement Type IIA Type IIA MPC MPC,, airair--entraining entraining Type IIIType III RHPC RHPC,, Rapid Hardening PC,Rapid Hardening PC, . Utility Bucket. Repair and maintenance of existing RC structures costs the UK government £50 billion per year. 6. CONSTRUCTION. QUIKRETE Concrete Mix can be mechanically mixed in a barrel type concrete mixer or a mortar mixer. The most important goal of cementing boreholes is to counter the inflow of water into productive levels of rocks with oil and gas. 5,M10,M15,M20,M25#concrete … Types of Cement The properties of cement during hydration vary according to: • Chemical composition • Degree of fineness It is possible to manufacture different types of cement by changing the percentages of their raw materials. 146: 1974 to be 65%, and by American standard ASTM C595-76 to be between 25 … Here are 15 types of cement: 1. Quick-setting cement. To extend this work, we contend that it is worth probing … Tin: Malleable, used in tin cans, tinplate, and as a component in alloys such as bronze and pewter. The usual method of rectifying this disadvantage is to incorporate some kind of reinforcement, which enables concrete slabs to be used for a broad range of spans and … 1. f BRICK WALL. They are commonly used as partition blocks, and in retaining walls in both residential and commercial contexts. Ultra-rapid hardening cement. Whereas sanded tile grout is used for wider … A truck or lorry is a type of automobile designed to carry heavy loads, carry specialized payloads, or do other practical tasks. This cement type may be useful for cold-weather concrete projects due to its fast setting rate. This report attempts to … Topic---Concrete Grades & Their Mix Ratio As Per Is Code 456:2000//Types Of Concrete Grades//M5,M7. Excessive and uncontrolled cracking of the structural element may cause both corrosion and weakening of the adhesion of the … Some of the most common cement classifications are: 1. Most often, we will use your information where we: • need to comply with the law • need to use it to carry out a task in the public interest (in order to provide you with an education) Sometimes, we may also use your personal information where: • you, or parents/carers have given us permission to use it in a certain way Different Types Of Cement 1. In addition to these technical aspects, the repair costs are usually very high. 1 of 20 Types of cement Feb. . Nickel: Malleable and ductile, used in stainless steel, magnets, and as a component in various alloys. The “1” is cement, “1. bricks are typically used to construct modern brick walls. For example M20 grade of concrete is the mix ratio 1:1. The cement slurry is formed by mixing water with Portland cement or with a mixture of cement containingf various additives. The usual method of rectifying this disadvantage is to incorporate some kind of reinforcement, which enables concrete slabs to be used for a broad range of spans and … Tin: Malleable, used in tin cans, tinplate, and as a component in alloys such as bronze and pewter. It is formed from argillaceous, siliceous, calcareous etc. Chemical Composition of cement is: Lime 63% … Theory. M45 and M50 grades are used for RCC, Runways, Concrete Roads ( POQ ) Prestressed concrete girders, RCC … A brief account of different types of concrete is given below. Physico-chemical conditions in borehole have a major effect on the properties of the grouts (bonding, … The cement slurry is formed by mixing water with Portland cement or with a mixture of cement containingf various additives. 5. When it comes to building a new driveway or replacing an old one, concrete is often the go-to material of choice. … We have involved with many RCC elements like Foundations, Columns, Walls, Slabs, Beams, Elevator pits, Staircases, Girders, Deck Slabs, Approach Slabs, Abutments, Wing Walls, Tilt Up Panels, WWF. This information on types of clothes material names with pictures will add to your design skills. Cement: Cement is the mixture of calcareous, siliceous, argillaceous and other substances. The Evaluation of Corporate Compliance Programs - Guidance Document (2019 Guidance) stated, “The company’s top leaders – the board of directors and executives – set the tone for the rest … The cement slurry is formed by mixing water with Portland cement or with a mixture of cement containingf various additives. M 25, M 30, and M 35 are used for RCC ( Reinforced Cement Concrete ) like foundations, footings columns, beams, slabs etc. Types of Silo Design and Their Uses. Brushes. 5:3. 1,166 Likes, 36 Comments - Development Fails (and other development tales) (@development_fails) on Instagram: "Project Name: Cementland Location: St Louis Missouri . Types of Cement The properties of cement during hydration vary according to: • Chemical composition • Degree of fineness It is possible to manufacture different types of cement … Cracking of concrete and degradation are the major problems in today’s concrete structures in the UK. 5mm (W) x 65mm in. ConstructionKart haconstructionkart@gmail. 5,M10,M15,M20,M25#concrete … 8. Normal strength concrete, or “regular” concrete, is the most … Types of Silo Design and Their Uses. Topic---Concrete Grades & Their Mix Ratio As Per Is Code 456:2000//Types Of Concrete Grades//M5,M7. 0 Likes, 0 Comments - Comprehension Connection (@comprehensionconnection) on Instagram: "Who are the teachers you remember most? I would venture to guess that they . Utility buckets prove to be extremely useful when you’re excavating near pipes and cables. The Builder/site engineer prepares the mixes based on the ratio that has been prescribed. Cement Type Description Type I Normal Type II Moderate Sulfate Resistance Type II (MH) Moderate Heat of Hydration (and Moderate Sulfate Resistance) Type III High Early … 1.
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